Management methods of channel dredging project

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Waterway dredging is a complicated system engineering, which is necessary to ensure the corresponding management measures of engineering quality. The particularity of waterway dredging engineering is that it is a dynamic management project. With the continuous development of the dredging industry, the internal and external conditions of engineering will also change accordingly. Under this premise, in order to guarantee the maximum investment benefit of the project, the project should be managed, cost management and quality management. Waterway dredging engineering management to promote the development of our country water transportation enterprise plays an important role, waterway dredging companies’ management target, uses the way of governance, the method also has certain differences. This paper puts forward the focus in the next article’s management methods, to improve the effectiveness of the management of waterway dredging construction.

Compared with other modes of transport, waterway transport has certain advantages. The main reason is that waterway transport has the advantages of large freight volume, low freight, saving resources, saving investment, etc.

1.Regulation method of the channel dredging project

 1.1 Shallow shoal maintenance dredging

Shallow shoal maintenance dredging is a kind of dredging measure to maintain the channel standard. When dredging by this method, the two main problems are the avoidance of ships and the disposal of silt. Therefore, the relationship between dredger and dredging vessel and between dredger and silt transport should be properly handled. Usually, the former is easier to solve, so this paper focuses on the latter. The relationship between dredger work and silt transport needs to be handled according to the following points: When using mud barges for outward transportation, it is strictly forbidden to dump the silt in the channel, and ensure that the mud is cast in the designated position or the mud throwing area; When using the cutter suction dredger for construction, attention should be paid to whether the dredging pipeline is across the navigable channel. If it is across the navigable channel, the traffic volume of the vessel in the channel should also be taken into account. If the channel traffic volume is small, it can be used to break or limit navigation construction.

 1.2 Heave and maintenance work on the rapine

Heave maintenance construction is also a dredging measure used to maintain the standard of the channel. This method is mainly applicable to the rapid beach where the ship cannot sail automatically. In general, the advantage of this method is that it is more economical and efficient than other ships with high-power engines. In addition, some rapids may be affected by the environment, which may lead to the deterioration of beach conditions and further hinder the navigation of ships. In this case, maintenance works such as dredging and beach inspection must be used.

 1.3 Infrastructure dredging

Infrastructure dredging is mainly to improve the size of shipping channels and flow conditions. Generally speaking, infrastructure dredging is more suitable for shoals or shallow sections with little annual change. By infrastructure dredging, the non-navigable inlet channels in development and in the declining state can be improved into navigable channels that meet the navigation standards, but only if they are accurately judged and reasonably designed. In addition, for some rapids, a straight channel can be opened up by cutting nozzles and bending and straightening, so as to improve the flow conditions. But usually, this method requires a long time of riverbed evolution analysis and does scientific and reasonable design.

 1.4 Damming to divert water

The damming water diversion project plays an important role in improving navigation and water flow conditions. Damming water diversion refers to the construction of regulation structures such as spur dam, along the dam, submerged dam, and guide dam on the river channel. Its main role is to guide the flow of water and through the beam of water to attack the sand deep channel and so on. Usually, damming is suitable for the control of shoal. The regulating structures may be used alone, but in order to improve their effectiveness, they are usually used together with centralized regulating structures. In addition, in recent years, regulating structures also began to be used for rapids’ governance. The general practice is to combine the dam with a reef explosion. For some of the complex rapids, when dam and reef explosion is difficult to completely eliminate the jet stream and steep ratio drop, but also should be rapids and steep ratio drop area set, so as to more than a stranded beach into one.

2.Channel dredging project management

 2.1 Management of project progress

In the construction of the channel dredging project, due to the influence of various factors, the dredging project will inevitably be delayed. In this case, the most important thing is to timely adjust the project plan which requires the dredging engineer to be able to reasonably predict the factors affecting the construction schedule of the dredging project, so as to adjust the dredging equipment and human resources planning, etc. and to keep the overall construction schedule of the dredging project within a reasonable range. Specifically, the available construction schedule management methods mainly include the following four aspects: First of all, the contractor of the channel dredging project shall make a sound construction schedule and make a specific daily, monthly and ten-day operation plan. Secondly, the contractor shall calculate the daily earthwork volume and monthly earthwork volume by calculating the footage and width of the excavation and the average elevation of the dredging surface before dredging, which can be calculated according to the completed sections of the dredging area. Third, during the construction period, an intermediate measurement should be made every month, and take it as the construction progress of the project. Fourth, need to statistics dredger daily, monthly completed project amount, using earned value analysis to master the progress of the project. Finally, if the gap between the actual project progress and the planned progress is too large, besides adjusting the project plan, dredging equipment and manpower should also be increased.

 2.2 Engineering cost management

The cost management of the channel dredging project involves the whole process of the project. Therefore, for the cost management of the channel dredging project, it is necessary to coordinate the communication and cooperation of multiple departments. Generally speaking, the cost management of the channel dredging project can be divided into two parts: one is the project cost budget; the other is project cost control. Project cost budget is the foundation of project cost management among them. To ensure the accuracy of the project budget cost, the relevant standards should be followed in the development of the project budget cost. When making the project cost budget, we should take the total cost estimate as the premise, and allocate the project cost to each item according to the design scheme, and finally get the total project budget through the summary. In terms of project cost control, the two most important aspects are project capital expenditure and the project completion quantity of dredging. Engineering cost control needs to be completed with the help of certain cost management technology, which usually includes the following three methods: change control management, performance measurement and deviation management. Change control management is mainly to manage the construction scope and cost change process of the project. The project construction capital expenditure can be effectively controlled by strengthening the management of design depth, control the construction scope and cost change process. And the performance measurement is mainly through the project performance evaluation and earned value management to measure the completion of the project. Deviation management is to use the cost performance measurement index to evaluate the cost benchmark and analyze the reasons for deviation from the cost budget, and then take corrective measures.

 2.3 Project quality management

The quality management of waterway dredging project has a direct impact on ensuring the dredging effect of waterway, and the quality management level of waterway dredging project directly reflects the level of engineering technology. Therefore, the quality management of channel dredging is a very important aspect for managers. Generally speaking, the quality management of channel dredging works is mainly carried out from the following aspects: Above all, the action that should strengthen project inspect manage. The main reason is that project supervision is the necessary premise to ensure the quality of channel dredging project. In practice, managers should choose qualified supervision units to supervise the whole construction process of channel dredging project. In the process of supervision, the supervision unit must abide by the contract and supervise the project according to the supervision and acceptance system stipulated in the contract, so as to control the construction quality of the project. Secondly, the management of subcontracting should be strengthened. In practice, some sub-projects of waterway dredging project will be subcontracted to labor construction team. Under this premise, the qualification of subcontractors must be strictly examined in order to ensure the quality of subcontracted projects. In addition, managers should also supervise the construction process of subcontractors, so as to ensure the quality of subcontractors’ construction. Thirdly, the construction plan, and process management should be strengthened. To be specific, the manager must carefully review the construction organization design and construction plan, and then the construction organization design and construction plan can be implemented.

3.Conclusion

To sum up, channel dredging project management can effectively ensure the quality of engineering construction, while channel engineering management measures are to improve the navigation conditions or flow conditions of the channel through reasonable methods and to further improve the effectiveness of channel dredging project, which is conducive to promoting the development of China’s waterway transportation.

 

Environmental Protection and Engineering Measures of Dredging Industry

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The port-channel dredging industry is a project to excavate the sand and stones in the surrounding waters of the port or waterway, which aims to improve the water condition of the port and waterway and reduce dredging ecological impacts. Due to the large amount and long construction time of the port and river dredging project, it is easy to destroy the original ecological environment and change the beach appearance. Therefore, we should adhere to the concept of environmental protection, scientific treatment of dredged materials, and protect the ecological environment of the construction area.

1.The significance of environmental protection in the dredging project

Environmental protection usually refers to in order to be able to effectively solve the existing or potential environmental problems, humanity will give them effectively coordinate the relationship between the human and the environment. To people’s living environment and ensure the social and economic sustainable development and implementation of a series of actions. At the same time, the environmental protection of the construction of the project belongs to a comprehensive performance for a long time and higher activity. It cannot be carried out from a single aspect in the specific implementation process, and cannot be limited to a stage. At present, with the increasing development of society and the differences in different construction aspects, it is impossible to successfully protect the environment in the project at once. We should pay close attention to the related changes and make continuous improvement at the same time. During this period, environmental protection and social stability and development can be effectively combined, and on this basis, social and economic construction can be developed. Once social and economic development is driven, corresponding protection measures will be taken for the environment. In this way, we can have both “fish and bear’s paw” and keep the ecological environment in a relatively stable state. However, special attention should be paid to the fact that human society cannot destroy the environment as the dredging cost in the process of continuous development, which will bring untold consequences.

Channel dredging projects have direct or indirect impacts on the ecological environment due to the changes in the water area, the depth, width and direction of the channel, and sometimes even chain effects. Therefore, during the implementation of the dredging project, it is necessary to ensure that a dredging operation not only meets the design requirements but also effectively protects the ecological environment.

2.Ecological impact of dredging construction

With the development of the dredging industry, the number of pollutants in rivers and lakes increases year by year. For example, bottom sediment and nutrient uptake of the contaminants often sediments. To clean up the water and sediment during the period of dredging, it will exacerbate bottom mud churn, cause pollutants released into the water and nutrient of sediment, cause water pollution and eutrophication. A series of biological reproduction and growth of survival in water bring great threat, even lead to negative dredging effects on fishes. Therefore, in the dredging construction, the pollutants in the channel must be treated to reduce the pollution of water quality. In addition, during the dredging of the channel, the construction noise and the application of ships will also bring great pollution to the water area. During the construction process, it may cause some dredging disadvantages. Different levels of noise will be generated. However, it will have a relatively large impact on the aquatic life around the port channel, and even cause the death of aquatic life in serious cases. In addition, engineering ships are usually docked in the water around the construction channel, and some ships may leak oil after long-term application. All kinds of garbage are often collected around the ships, which will cause pollution to some water bodies. Special attention should also be paid to the fact that once the dredging engineers abandon the soil at will during the dredging process, it will bring very serious consequences, which will pollute the water quality of the whole abandoned soil area, thus causing great damage to the local environment, and also prevent secondary pollution caused by the leakage of sediment during transportation.

3.Environmental protection measures to be taken in the waterway dredging business

 3.1 Certain construction measures shall be taken according to environmental protection requirements before construction starts

Before the construction starts, the possible pollution sources in the construction waters should be investigated to understand the composition of sediments at the bottom of the channel, and relevant construction technology schemes should be formulated accordingly. The dripping sediment should be calculated on the base of all the survey data, and then the various links of channel dredging should be studied and formulated, and the scale, scope, and methods of channel dredging should be formulated and divided one by one. In addition, according to the breeding cycle of aquatic organisms, the construction time of the channel dredging project should be adjusted accordingly to avoid the breeding season of aquatic organisms as far as possible. According to experience, since most aquatic organisms have migrated away in winter, the best construction time of general channel dredging is the best at that time.

3.2 Choose reasonable construction method

When dredging the channel, construction vessels should reduce the frequency of agitation at the bottom of the channel to prevent the increased diffusion of organic salts and inorganic substances in sediments. It is required to strictly control the depth and precision of excavation in accordance with the design requirements for dredging boat construction and to minimize the frequency of shallow sweeping and avoid rework. If the rake suction vessel is used for dredging, the underwater overflow and environmental protection rake are adopted to reduce the impact on the water environment. When the excavated soil, sand and stone is transported by mud carrier and pipeline, the sealing inspection should be carried out in advance to prevent mud leakage. In areas with strict environmental protection requirements, anti-pollution screens and curtains can be set up in dredging areas and mud storage pits to reduce the scope of construction pollution.

 3.3 Scientific treatment of dredged soil

The depth of the pollutants deposited in the bottom layer of the water is usually 10-15 cm and kept within 1 m. The usual ways to treat dredged soil are mud throwing and blow filling. These two approaches also pose problems when dealing with underlying sediments. The mud disposal method is a low cost, but it will cause muddy water, and the settled soil will seriously affect the growth of underwater organisms. In particular, some construction ships are likely to have adverse effects on fishing grounds and other growing areas and bring economic losses when they are secretly abandoned to save costs. Therefore, some countries in the world have started to explicitly prohibit construction ships from carrying out mud disposal. Although the treatment method of blow filling reduces the pollution degree of water body and can be reused when blown to the land and it is a comprehensive treatment method compared with sludge disposal, it still brings about environmental problems. Due to the high moisture content of the soil underwater, the foundation is generally weak when it is blown to the land. If it needs to be developed and applied in the later stage, soft foundation treatment and other measures should be taken to solidify the foundation. Moreover, if the underwater soil contains pollutants, it is easy to cause secondary pollution around the land. In fact, the bottom of the sediment is rich in minerals, is a good renewable resource. If it is closed stacked after the centralized treatment, the development and reuse of resources, both can avoid environmental pollution, and can produce new resources. At present, the main areas of dredging reuse include building materials, agriculture, and forestry.

 3.4 Use environmentally friendly dredging equipment

Currently, the research and development of international environmental dredging equipment fall into two categories: 1. the original dredger is used for renovation to meet the requirements of environmental protection construction. 2. Special environmental protection dredging equipment. At present, the advanced dredging techniques are used in combination with the environmental protection reamer. Most of these dredging ships adopt DGPS for accurate positioning, which greatly improves the dredging accuracy and can reduce the suspension of sediments and release pollutants into the water.

 3.5 Enhance the environmental awareness of project managers

As an abstract ideology, the concept of environmental protection includes the level and degree of people’s awareness of environmental protection, needs to rely on people’s subjective initiative to complete. The above environmental protection measures are also based on the strong environmental awareness of managers to decide the implementation of environmental protection measures. At ordinary times, project managers need to strengthen their awareness of environmental protection through environmental training and lectures. At the same time, the company’s management training institutions should take environmental protection as an equally important position as quality, progress, and safety, and put it into the training content through brochures, slide shows, and video materials to enhance employees’ environmental awareness. At present, the construction units also pay more and more attention to the concept of environmental protection in the waterway dredging engineering bidding. For example, requires a specialized construction unit according to the construction technology of environment protection measures. When the construction organizations design the compilation to environmental protection as a separate list a link is highlighted, specific environmental supervision bidding, and so on. All these are effective measures to strengthen the importance of project managers for environmental protection.

4.Conclusion

Nowadays, environmental awareness is greater in China. To do a good job in environmental protection is to do a good job in economic progress and development. Port-channel is an important part of water transportation and plays an important role in the whole transportation system. However, port-channel is easy silting and needs to be dredged. However, while strengthening the dredging of ports and waterways, we should also adhere to the concept of environmental protection, minimize pollution in the construction process, realize the common development of economy and environmental protection, and promote the steady and healthy development of port and waterway dredging.

 

Waterway dredging project based on environmental protection concept

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Channel dredging project refers to the excavation and scientific treatment of stone and around the waters around the channel.

The project can effectively improve the water conditions of the channel.

However, the dredging engineering facilities will also break the original ecological balance and change the beach. If the treatment works excavate gravel work errors, it will pollute the surrounding ecological environment.

The continuous destruction of the ecological environment is a serious threat to the production and development of human society.

In the destruction of the ecological environment, the impact of the channel dredging project on the ecological environment is particularly important.

The amount of dredging and the construction period of the channel is relatively large, so the disturbance to the people’s life and the environment is also more prominent, which is not conducive to the growth of surrounding aquatic organisms.

So, environmental protection should be taken as the foundation in the process of river dredging.

Influence of channel dredging on the ecological environment:

1.Increased sediment during dredging.

2. Inorganic suspensions destroy aquatic ecosystems.

3.Noise pollution.

4.Ship pollution.

Environmental protection measures for waterway dredging projects:

1.Appropriate channel dredging time.

2. Design a scientific and reasonable channel dredging program.

3. Strengthen control of waterway dredging construction.

4. Preventing Pollutant Diffusion.

5. Improve excavation accuracy.

6. Reduce secondary pollution.

7.Scientific treatment of contaminated sediments.

Ecological protection plays a key role in the progressive development of society and the economy. The environmental protection of the channel dredging project is also of great significance. In the process of dredging, we should combine the concept of environmental protection, meet the needs of ecological environment protection, obtain good economic benefits, and achieve win-win economic and environmental protection.

The implementation of waterway dredging on the basis of environmental protection can not only scientifically improve the economic benefits of dredging enterprises but also promote the steady development of waterway dredging and social and economic development.